few examples from matplotlib

# sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = 2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
N = 21
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
y = [3.9, 4.4, 10.8, 10.3, 11.2, 13.1, 14.1,  9.9, 13.9, 15.1, 12.5]

# fit a linear curve an estimate its y-values and their error.
a, b = np.polyfit(x, y, deg=1)
y_est = a * x + b
y_err = x.std() * np.sqrt(1/len(x) +
                          (x - x.mean())**2 / np.sum((x - x.mean())**2))

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y_est, '-')
ax.fill_between(x, y_est - y_err, y_est + y_err, alpha=0.2)
ax.plot(x, y, 'o', color='tab:brown')
plt.savefig('confidence.jpg')
plt.show()

"""
============
MRI With EEG
============

Displays a set of subplots with an MRI image, its intensity
histogram and some EEG traces.
"""

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
import matplotlib.cm as cm

from matplotlib.collections import LineCollection
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator

fig = plt.figure("MRI_with_EEG")

# Load the MRI data (256x256 16 bit integers)
with cbook.get_sample_data('s1045.ima.gz') as dfile:
    im = np.frombuffer(dfile.read(), np.uint16).reshape((256, 256))

# Plot the MRI image
ax0 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 1)
ax0.imshow(im, cmap=cm.gray)
ax0.axis('off')

# Plot the histogram of MRI intensity
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 2)
im = np.ravel(im)
im = im[np.nonzero(im)]  # Ignore the background
im = im / (2**16 - 1)  # Normalize
ax1.hist(im, bins=100)
ax1.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(0.4))
ax1.minorticks_on()
ax1.set_yticks([])
ax1.set_xlabel('Intensity (a.u.)')
ax1.set_ylabel('MRI density')

# Load the EEG data
n_samples, n_rows = 800, 4
with cbook.get_sample_data('eeg.dat') as eegfile:
    data = np.fromfile(eegfile, dtype=float).reshape((n_samples, n_rows))
t = 10 * np.arange(n_samples) / n_samples

# Plot the EEG
ticklocs = []
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 2)
ax2.set_xlim(0, 10)
ax2.set_xticks(np.arange(10))
dmin = data.min()
dmax = data.max()
dr = (dmax - dmin) * 0.7  # Crowd them a bit.
y0 = dmin
y1 = (n_rows - 1) * dr + dmax
ax2.set_ylim(y0, y1)

segs = []
for i in range(n_rows):
    segs.append(np.column_stack((t, data[:, i])))
    ticklocs.append(i * dr)

offsets = np.zeros((n_rows, 2), dtype=float)
offsets[:, 1] = ticklocs

lines = LineCollection(segs, offsets=offsets, transOffset=None)
ax2.add_collection(lines)

# Set the yticks to use axes coordinates on the y axis
ax2.set_yticks(ticklocs)
ax2.set_yticklabels(['PG3', 'PG5', 'PG7', 'PG9'])

ax2.set_xlabel('Time (s)')


plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

"""
===============
Watermark image
===============

Using a PNG file as a watermark.
"""

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
import matplotlib.image as image
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


with cbook.get_sample_data('logo2.png') as file:
    im = image.imread(file)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.plot(np.sin(10 * np.linspace(0, 1)), '-o', ms=20, alpha=0.7, mfc='orange')
ax.grid()
fig.figimage(im, 10, 10, zorder=3, alpha=.5)
plt.savefig('watermark.jpg')
plt.show()

#############################################################################
#
# ------------
#
# References
# """"""""""
#
# The use of the following functions, methods, classes and modules is shown
# in this example:

import matplotlib
matplotlib.image
matplotlib.image.imread
matplotlib.pyplot.imread
matplotlib.figure.Figure.figimage

"""
======================
Whats New 0.99 Mplot3d
======================

Create a 3D surface plot.
"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.viridis)
plt.savefig('Axes3D.jpg')
plt.show()

#############################################################################
#
# ------------
#
# References
# """"""""""
#
# The use of the following functions, methods, classes and modules is shown
# in this example:

import mpl_toolkits
mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D
mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.plot_surface